Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium Breve: Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Bifidobacterium breve is an abundant commensal bacterium in the infant intestine and an important component of many probiotic formulations. Th17 correctness, its plenitude is related to gut harmony and its decline relates to numerous inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. We draw on a rapidly accumulating body of evidence describing the effects of B. breve on the immune system and revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We describe its contribution to improving gut barrier function, modifying the systemic and mucosal immune systems via interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as the better regulation of the intra- and post-translational cytokine landscape, which in turn promoted an anti-inflammatory milieu by inducing IL-10 and TGF-β, while suppressing pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. We further discuss its strain-dependent functions with reference to the extensively characterized B. breve M-16V in the treatment of NEC, allergic inflammation and IBD. This review provides detailed insights into these mechanisms and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of B. breve for the treatment of immune-related disorders, and emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive characterization of strain-specific effects in future research and clinical application. Finally Increasing evidence shows that probiotics and gut microbiota can modulate human immune function and protect against diseases mediated by impaired gut barrier or chronic inflammation.