The use of laboratory animals in any article submitted to TPB must be conducted according to the ethics of animal use in scientific work. TPB does not publish manuscripts that fail to declare a statement on the protection of animal rights.

1Ethics Committee Statement

The journal normally requires a statement confirming that the research was reviewed and approved by an Institutional Review Board or equivalent Animal Ethics Committee, declared either in the Materials and Methods section or the Acknowledgments section. TPB encourages authors to report the registry number of the council certification.

2In Vivo Experiments

Manuscripts based on in vivo experiments must comply with this policy; failure to do so may result in rejection. Any live animal used for the study is considered experimental.

3Minimizing Pain and Discomfort

Where experimental animals are used, the Methods section must indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort, and reporting should follow the ARRIVE guidelines (Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) for animal numbers, housing, and experimental design.

4Applicable Standards

Experiments should be conducted in accordance with recognized international and national frameworks for the ethical use of animals in research, such as:

• The National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT) guidelines
• The AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, where applicable
• Applicable local and national laws and regulations governing animal research

5Publisher-Level Oversight

In addition to the author's own institutional approval, submissions raising borderline or ambiguous ethical questions may be referred by the editorial office to the Nabea Al-Ajyal Foundation's research ethics oversight for an independent opinion before a final editorial decision is made.

All studies involving human or animal subjects must include an explicit statement in the Materials and Methods section identifying the reviewing ethics committee and its approval, where applicable. Editors reserve the right to reject papers where there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures were followed.