Original article
Immunotherapy
Rana Kadhim Humaidan; Buthainah Al-Azzawi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2024, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, affects the ovaries, breasts, adipose tissue, and bone by preventing androgen-to-estrogen conversion. This drastically reduces estrogen’s effects. Estrogens regulate fat metabolism by influencing lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. FSH stimulation, which ...
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Background: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, affects the ovaries, breasts, adipose tissue, and bone by preventing androgen-to-estrogen conversion. This drastically reduces estrogen’s effects. Estrogens regulate fat metabolism by influencing lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. FSH stimulation, which induces ovulation in non-pregnant women, may help pituitary dysfunction. Regulated ovarian hyperstimulation stimulation increases follicles during in vitro fertilization. Background: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, affects the ovaries, breasts, adipose tissue, and bone by preventing androgen-to-estrogen conversion. This drastically reduces estrogen’s effects. Estrogens regulate fat metabolism by influencing lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. FSH stimulation, which induces ovulation in non-pregnant women, may help pituitary dysfunction. Regulated ovarian hyperstimulation stimulation increases follicles during in vitro fertilization. The aim: To assess the difference in the level of fat (total cholesterol, triglycerides levels, HDL, LDL, and VLDL) of infertility treatment among the three study groups, the group that received HSF, the group that took Letrozole, and the control group. Methods: From October 2022 to May 2023, research was carried out. It featured 120 women who were split into three groups: those who took Letrozole consistently for a month or more in a row, those who received FSH injections continuously for a month or more in a row, and the control group who did not take any medications to promote ovulation. Results: The results show increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol in LET compared with other groups FSH and control. Our study showed a significant difference (p-value < 0.0001) in the concentrations of TG compared to all studied groups, when the results show decreased levels of HDL cholesterol in LET compared with other groups FSH and control, a significant difference is showed (p-value <0.0001) in the concentrations of HDL cholesterol compared to all studied groups. Conclusion: Letrozole and FSH has modulated lipid profile via increasing triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and VLDL, with greater impact achieved by FSH and letrozole.
Original article
Biosimilars
Zaman K. Kareem Hanan; Ezat H. Mezal; Shatha B. Moussa; Adnan Abed Azeez; Hayder Fadhil Okab; Abdullah F. Yousif; Aliaa Kareem Hanan
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2024, Pages 11-16
Abstract
The study examined the effect of Metronidazole on Salmonella enterica and vibrio fluvialis isolates, the test was carried out by using Metronidazole from three companies (a French company, Iraqi, and Egyptian), the two isolates were taken from diarrheal patients, some were resistant, others were sensitive ...
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The study examined the effect of Metronidazole on Salmonella enterica and vibrio fluvialis isolates, the test was carried out by using Metronidazole from three companies (a French company, Iraqi, and Egyptian), the two isolates were taken from diarrheal patients, some were resistant, others were sensitive and some areas of inhibition were shown using treatment from the three companies, the effectiveness of the treatment of the French company. This study has examined the effect of three different type of Metronidazole from three companies (France, Egypt and Iraqi) on some Enterobacteriaceae. The results indicated the dominance of Metronidazole under France companies on other companies, as it effects on Salmonella enterica and Vibrio fluvialis at two concentrations, and it had an inhibitory effect onVibrio fluvialis at concentrations (5 mg/ml), while Metronidazole under Egypt company had only a inhibitory effect on vibrio fluvialis at two concentrations (10 and 15 mg/ml) and Metronidazole under Iraqi company were effective on vibrio fluvialis at two concentrations also (10 and 15 mg/ml) . These results indicate that Metronidazole under France company is the best antibiotic to be used in case of diarrhea caused by Vibrio fluvialis and Salmonella enterica.
Original article
Biosimilars
Noor Abdulhassan Alsaady; Anfal Abdulhassan Alsaady; Hawraa Abdul kazem Almajidi; zainab A.abid Alreda; Zahraa Ali Mohammed
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2024, Pages 17-23
Abstract
Introduction: Pyridine has a liquid state, bad odor, pungent taste, toxic effects, and has the ability to mix with alcohol, water and some sperms, and it has many effects in the event of severe exposure such as suffocation. Methods: In this work, a new series of tetrazole derivatives is synthesized by ...
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Introduction: Pyridine has a liquid state, bad odor, pungent taste, toxic effects, and has the ability to mix with alcohol, water and some sperms, and it has many effects in the event of severe exposure such as suffocation. Methods: In this work, a new series of tetrazole derivatives is synthesized by reacting sodium azide with Schiff bases derivatives, which are prepared by condensation reaction between some pyridine derivatives (2-amino- 5-chloropyridine, 2-amino-4-methyl pyridine) and some aromatic aldehydes (dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde, p-aminobenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, p-bromobenzaldehyde, and salicylic aldehyde). Result: All the resulting compounds were characterized by FT-IR and milting points. The study of the biological activity of Schiff base derivatives and tetrazole derivatives against E. coli shows that all derivatives give positive results at different diameters, but the compounds (2,6,10) give a lower inhibition at concentrations of 100 mg/ml, as well as the compounds (2,3,5,7,9) give a lower inhibition at concentrations of 75 mg/ml. The compounds (6,8,10) give lower inhibition at concentration (100 mg/ml) against S. aureus, as well as the compounds (1,3,6,8,10) give lower inhibition at concentration (75 mg/ml).Conclusion: It was shown during the process of preparing the compounds that the difference in the groups substituted for the same compound leads to a difference in the percentages, reaction time, and biological activity of the resulting compounds.
Original article
Immunotherapy
Haneen Mohammed Radhi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2024, Pages 24-30
Abstract
In recent years, the extent of liver damage by hemodialysis with hepatitis C is critical interest and debate. In this research, Patients on hemodialysis and those with normal renal function had their biochemical profile, liver histology, and symptoms of the hepatitis C virus examined and analyzed. Alkaline ...
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In recent years, the extent of liver damage by hemodialysis with hepatitis C is critical interest and debate. In this research, Patients on hemodialysis and those with normal renal function had their biochemical profile, liver histology, and symptoms of the hepatitis C virus examined and analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP), is linked to high levels of hepatitis and end-stage renal disease. In this study, patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and thirty end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) were included. Gender, anticipated period of infection and age of infection were matched among ESRD patients. The aim of study is to measure and compare the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate lipase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in four groups: ESRD patients without hepatitis B, ESRD patients with hepatitis C, and healthy controls. The results demonstrated that hepatitis C patients with ESRD exhibited increases in their blood ALT and AST levels in contrast to hepatitis B patients with ESRD and the control group. Moreover, compared to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without hepatitis, individuals with ESRD had noticeably lower levels of these enzymes. The levels of Serum ALP were considerably greater in the hepatitis and ESRD groups than in the control group. Patients with HBV/HCV coinfection they often more vulnerable to liver-related morbidity and mortality compared to ESRD, HBV, or HCV patients.
